DoctorX2k2 -> RE: picado problem (Jan. 22 2007 17:04:20)
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ORIGINAL: Doitsujin And, dont practice too much. Your brain needs free time to save the stuff. So not too much too fast. Step by step is the best. Also if you think you dont get better. To learn picado is a process, which takes some time. These are only some general things. The best exercise is to practice only a couple of different scales slow and later faster. If you play too many different scales at first, you fingers wont learn the movements, coz its allways different. Last semester, I've taken an extra class outside the medicine program called Motor Learning, a kinesiology class. You have to distinguish performance and learning. Let's take golf for example. In a practice session, your performance normally improves after each strokes until you reach a point where fatigue drops it down. When it comes to learning, the golfer comes back at least 24 hours later and do the same task. If his performance is better than it was at the begining of the previous practice session, he has learned. But a lot of different methods show different learning percentages. Here are different ways of practicing : -Grouped or Distributed (Grouped = little resting time and Distributed = long resting times between repetitions). -Constant or Varied (Constant = same task with the same properties and varied = same task but with varying properties (ie : speed). -in Bloc or Alternative (Bloc is one task over and over (ie: running) and Alternative is different tasks after one another (ie : running, jumping, walking, running, walking, jumping, etc). -Global or Split (Split = dividing the task into smaller tasks like dribling, jumping and shooting, all separated, to improve your "jump shot" at basketball). For grouped or distributed, too little resting time increases fatigue and this fatigue can persist and lower learning speed, while too much resting time increase your practice session time to a point where it doesn't give you benefits anymore. You need to find a compromise between both. For constant or varied, studies have shown that a varied practice increases learning, even though your performance is lower within the session. So always practicing at the same speed with a metronome isn't the best idea, you should vary it. You should also vary finger patterns and scales. For "in Bloc" and alternative practice, yet again, studies have shown that randomly alternating tasks increases learning faster BUT the subject has to have a minimum of control and knowledge about the movement. So basicly, when learning something new, you should practice in Bloc then switch to alternating once you control it. So practicing a piece or a song has more benefits than doing the same exercise over and over once you know how to do a specific movement. Also, you should forget about splitting the task in smaller tasks... transfer tests have shown little to zero progression, especially in complex tasks. Finally, adding complexity to an already complex task improves learning (always the expense of performance). So, adding slurs to a scale might be better. It's also important to point that knowing the result is crucial in the learning process. That's where you need feedback and guidance about what you're doing. Too much feedback has the perverse addictive effect. Let's take golf for example again, if the instructor tells you exactly what you have to do after every single strokes, your performance will increase fast but come back alone on the course the day after and you wont have learned much because you became addicted to his feedback. If the feedback is non-existant or comes too long after the strokes, your brain wont be able to correct its motor schemes well enough. The best feedback is one that isn't too long after, where the student has to figure out what's wrong by himself and bring his own corrective measures after some imprecise guidance from an instructor. And... that's all I can remember so far. It was a very great class though (got A+[8D])
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